Greek Myths 5: Odyssey 5: To Hades, Back, and Beyond
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Odysseus and his men smeared ash upon their faces and raised their whitest sail. They waited for the wind to stir. But the wind of death is not an earthly wind; it cannot stir the leaves on a tree or ruffle the hair on a person's head. Circe watched Odysseus and his men depart. Before they left the land of the living, she called out, "Odysseus, remember to make the sacrifice as I instructed you. A mistake could trap you in Hades, the land of the dead." The ship seemed to sail through the night, but it was a windless and starless night. Without warning, the ship stopped as if the ship had become beached. Odysseus and his men found themselves in a dark and featureless place that made each of them long for the warmth of the sun.
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Not trusting his men, Odysseus unloaded what he needed and prepared the sacrifice himself just as Circe had instructed. He spilled the blood of a ewe and a ram upon the colorless ground, and then said a prayer to the dead. Soon the shadows of the dead began to arrive. Odysseus recognized many of the dead that appeared. When he saw his mother walking toward him he almost faltered in his appointed task, because Circe had instructed him to keep the blood and bodies of the ram and ewe away from the dead until Tiresias appeared. After forcing his mother back at the point of his sword, Tiresias arrived and feasted on the life that had been sacrificed. When he finished, he spoke. "Odysseus, you have a hard journey ahead of you. But if you listen to me and heed my warnings, you alone shall make it back to Ithaca."
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Odysseus listened as Tiresias revealed the future. When Tiresias was finished, other shadows feasted on the ram and ewe that had been sacrificed and then they spoke. Odysseus listened to their tales but as the dead were more numerous than ants, Odysseus soon felt overwhelmed by their presence and ran back to his ship. He shouted to his men, "Row for your lives!" The men needed no other encouragement; they rowed for their lives and escaped from the land of the dead. They returned to the land of the living, like the sun returns at the dawn of a new day. With the sun in his hair, Odysseus addressed his men. "We are free of Hades, but Tiresias has warned me that much danger lies ahead. Our first danger is the Sirens."
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Odysseus told his men about the Sirens—that they sing a song that lures sailors to their deaths. He then instructed his men to put wax in their ears and to tie him to the main mast. "Ignore me," he said. "Do not stop rowing until we are past the island." His men obeyed, and although Odysseus did everything in his power to escape the ropes that bound him, they rowed and Odysseus remained firmly tied to the mast as the Sirens' song urged him to jump to his death. More danger lurked ahead: Scylla and Charybdis. Scylla was a six-headed monster that hid in a cave, and Charybdis was a monster that sucked in the sea and created a whirlpool. Odysseus told his men about Charybdis, but he didn't warn them about Scylla. "Better to lose six men to Scylla than everyone to Charybdis," Tiresias had warned.
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Odysseus took the rudder and his men were at the oars. The men were rowing mightily when they saw Charybdis on their left sucking in and spitting out the sea through her cruel fang-filled mouth. While the men watched Charybdis fearfully, Scylla suddenly appeared and ate men at once. Odysseus heard his men yell, and he heard Charybdis sucking and spitting, but he looked neither right nor left. He kept his eyes and his rudder steady, and he steered his ship and men as safely as possible between the two monsters. After they made it past Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus spoke to his men again. "There is one more danger left. As tired and grieving as I know you are, we must not stop at this next island, the Island of the Sun." The men were sick with grief, and exhausted from the dangers they had already faced. "We cannot go any farther," they moaned. "Can't we just stop on the island and sleep?"
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Odysseus knew that he shouldn't agree, because stopping would end in ruin, but his men looked exhausted. "We cannot row through the night," they pleaded. Finally Odysseus agreed, but he said, "If we stop on this island, each of you must swear not to touch the cattle or sheep. We must eat our own food and nothing more." The men agreed, and they went ashore. For the next twenty days, terrible storms raged, and it was impossible for Odysseus and his men to leave. On the twentieth day, Odysseus went alone to pray to the gods. The men were tired of eating fish, and they looked hungrily at the cattle that roamed freely over the island. Eurylocus saw the men's desire. He convinced them that it would be all right to kill the cows if they offered some as sacrifice to the gods.
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Apollo saw his cattle being eaten, and he immediately went to Zeus. "Father," he said, "I want vengeance for this wrong." "You shall have it," answered Zeus. "Odysseus was warned. I shall blast their ship with my lightning bolt when they set sail." Odysseus returned and saw what his men had done. He knew they were doomed. A few days later the weather cleared and they set sail. They had not gone far when a single menacing cloud appeared. Odysseus suspected that Zeus was about to destroy them so he tied himself to the rudder. When the bolt struck, the boat was shattered, but Odysseus escaped destruction. Several days passed until finally Odysseus came ashore on Calypso's island. Odysseus, shipless and lost, remained stranded on Calypso's island for five years.
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Calypso, a minor goddess, treated him kindly. Odysseus did what he could for her, but he longed to return home, and he prayed to Athena nightly for her help. Finally one night Athena heard his prayers, and she approached her father. "Great Zeus, Odysseus has suffered enough; it is time for him to return home. Please release him from his prison." "Yes, my wise daughter, it is time. I will send Hermes with instructions." Hermes arrived and Calypso recognized him immediately. In annoyance she said, "What does Great Zeus want of me?" "Your obedience," replied Hermes. "I have grown fond of Odysseus," she said. "I don't want him to leave." "It is not your choice to make," said Hermes. "It is time for him to go home." "I have no ship," insisted Calypso. "He shall build a raft, and Zeus will see to the rest," replied Hermes. "All you need to do is to obey." And he was gone.